Regulation of insect P450s in response to phytochemicals

Insect herbivores use phytochemicals as signals to induce expression of their phytochemical-detoxifying cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s). The regulatory cascades that transduce phytochemical enhanced P450s are the focus this review. At least seven signaling pathways, including RTK/MAPK, GPCR/CREB, GPCR/NF?B, ROS/CncC/Keap1, AhR/ARNT, cytosol NR, and nucleus-located may be involved in induction P450s. Constitutive overexpression, overphosphorylation, and/or activation one or more effectors corresponding pathway common causes overexpression lead insecticide resistance. Future research should pay attentions starting point each pathway, number pathways cross talk for a given phytochemical, downregulation